Can the recent rally in sterling continue?

It’s Monday morning, which means it’s time for the next in our series looking at simple technical analysis.

Today we consider perhaps the most recognisable chart pattern of the lot – the “double top”, and its twin sibling, the “double bottom”. And, specifically, we look at what these patterns might suggest for the pound.

What are double tops and bottoms?

Double tops and bottoms are straightforward to understand. A price reaches a certain level, pulls back, then re-tests that level, ideally on lighter volume. The retest fails, signalling a change in trend, and off goes the price in the other direction.

A double top can be extremely bearish, while a double bottom can be extremely bullish. You will often see double tops and bottoms both at major market highs and lows.

They can be identified on monthly, weekly or daily time frames – even intraday. But the longer the time frame, the more powerful the formation. However, take note, you can see them starting to take shape all the time, but often the formation does not complete.

When a price is rising, then pulls back, then rises again – as always happens in a bull market – you will see what looks like a double top starting to form as the price retests its old high. But more often than not, the price will continue upwards and so the double top pattern never completes.

Don’t try and second-guess double tops and bottoms until they are fully formed. Otherwise, without risk management in place, you will end up losing a lot of money.

We are going to look at one of the most memorable double tops of my lifetime, one that played out over many years in the S&P 500, arguably the most important stockmarket in the world, between 1994 and 2014.

The best double tops occur at the end of an extended move up. We certainly got that in the 1990s. In 1990, the S&P 500 was trading below 300. In March 2000, at the peak of dotcom mania, the S&P hit 1,540. Over the following months the market pulled back, then rallied. The rally got as high as 1,525 – 15 points off the March high. Then the dotcom bubble well and truly burst, and the S&P went into freefall. So we got something of a double top that year, albeit not a perfect one.

In July 2002, the S&P made something of a low at 796. It rallied a little, but by October had sunk beneath that low, touching 776. It rallied again. In March 2003, it hit that low of 796 again. But the low held.

The subsequent rally took the S&P above the level of the previous two rallies – the neckline – and so did the S&P go off an epic four-year bull market that took it, by 2007, all the way back to 2000 highs. In July 2007 it hit 1,554 – marginally exceeding its 2000 levels. Then it pulled back. Then in October, it got just above 1,569 before it ran out of steam. So not only did we get double tops within the years 2000 and 2007, we got a double top that formed over many years.

Once the patterns were complete, and the necklines breached, we got major changes in direction. You can see the intra-year double tops in blue; the “necklines” in green dashed lines; and the multi-year top in red.

All very easy to identify in the rear view mirror, of course.

Is there a double top forming in the US dollar? And what does it mean for sterling?

But if we fast-forward to today and take a look at the US dollar, as we discussed last Wednesday, you will see something of a double top in place. Or you might even consider – lord help us – cable (the pound vs the dollar).

You can’t see it on this chart (because it happened overnight) but during the Flash Crash of October 2016, the pound hit $1.14 ($1.12 according to some measures – reports are not consistent). That’s the same level it hit in March of this year during peak corona panic.

Has the pound made a multi-year low against the US dollar? Are we in a new bull market for the pound? It’s hard to believe, given the fundamentals, but the technicals are there. Sterling back to $1.60 anyone?