Has inflation been tamed in the UK?

Governor of the Bank of England, Andrew Bailey

(Image credit: Photographer: Hollie Adams/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

published 24 January 2025

Britain is “bumbling” into the New Year, says Eshe Nelson in The New York Times. Consumers are “downbeat” after “disappointing economic news”. Worries about inflation persist, with the Bank of England (BoE) not expecting a sustainable return to the 2% target until 2027. As a result, the Bank has been cautious, cutting rates by only half a percentage point in 2024, even as US and European central bankers cut borrowing costs by a full point.

UK gilts wobbled earlier this month, says David Smith in The Sunday Times. But a degree of calm returned following news that annual inflation fell last month to 2.5%, around the long-term average, coupled with “encouraging falls in core and service-sector inflation”. That sets up the BoE for another interest rate cut in February. With the economy sluggish, it could be the first of several.

Investors are cautious about pricing in too many rate cuts, says Ollie Smith for Morningstar. Markets were “wrong-footed” last year after only getting two of the six cuts they had expected from “cautious” policymakers. Inflationary pressures remain – not least the yet-to-be-quantified impact of the government’s national insurance hike. But with UK unemployment ticking up, wage pressures should start to ease. Jacob Reynolds of Courtiers UK Equity Income expects four rate cuts this year, taking them down to 3.75%.

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Meanwhile, US inflation has risen for three months in a row, hitting 2.9% in December. But US stocks rallied anyway, cheered by signs that core price pressures are easing, says Paul Kiernan in The Wall Street Journal. US inflation is down since the June 2022 peak of 9%, but the descent has been “slow and bumpy”. US central bankers are waiting to see just how inflationary Donald Trump’s plans will be. Tariffs will reduce the supply of goods, and mass deportations would cut the labour supply, both of which raise prices. Republican promises of tax cuts could unleash a new demand surge. The Federal Reserve “isn’t likely to cut rates anytime soon”.

US inflation still looks “too high to permit more rate cuts”, agrees John Authers on Bloomberg. Alarmingly, the University of Michigan consumer survey reports that US consumers expect inflation in five years to be 3.3% – the survey’s highest level since 2008. High inflation expectations can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Rising prices might “ruin the Trump 2.0 agenda before it starts”.

Alex is an investment writer who has been contributing to MoneyWeek since 2015. He has been the magazine’s markets editor since 2019.

Alex has a passion for demystifying the often arcane world of finance for a general readership. While financial media tends to focus compulsively on the latest trend, the best opportunities can lie forgotten elsewhere.

He is especially interested in European equities – where his fluent French helps him to cover the continent’s largest bourse – and emerging markets, where his experience living in Beijing, and conversational Chinese, prove useful.

Hailing from Leeds, he studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at the University of Oxford. He also holds a Master of Public Health from the University of Manchester.

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