Earlier in the week I stumbled across an old TV ad from the 1980s for the Leeds Permanent Building Society. It featured George Cole (he of Arthur Daley fame) bumbling from wide-boy investment opportunity to wide-boy investment opportunity.
The moral of the ad was that, instead of getting involved in harebrained businesses, you’re better off putting your money in the Leeds Liquid Gold account, because it pays 7.65% interest. 7.65%! This was a normal rate of interest back then.
We’ve been forced into becoming a nation – nay, a world – of speculators
The Leeds Permanent Building Society was not so permanent as it turned out. It merged with the Halifax Building Society, and lost its name. The Halifax then merged with Bank of Scotland to form HBOS in 2001. Then, following the global financial crisis, that became part of the Lloyds Banking Group.
Try 6 free issues of MoneyWeek today
Get unparalleled financial insight, analysis and expert opinion you can profit from.
Start your trial
Sign up for MoneyWeek’s free twice-daily newsletter.
Join more than 165,000 subscribers and keep yourself informed with latest financial news, insights and expert analysis to help you understand what really matters when it comes to your finances.
Join more than 165,000 subscribers and keep yourself informed with latest financial news, insights and expert analysis to help you understand what really matters when it comes to your finances.
Today the equivalent Halifax Everyday Saver account pays 0.01%. We don’t have the option of 7.65% interest at the Leeds or anywhere else, and so we get involved in harebrained businesses, otherwise known as the stockmarket, instead.
Latest Videos FromMoneyWeek
This dynamic explains so much. When you do a job, you expend energy. For expending that energy, you are paid. The money you are paid is, in a way, a store of that energy, which you can then draw on at some later stage to buy some kind of good or service. For the system to work, it is vital that monetary energy is retained.
When interest rates roughly reflected inflation, as in the 1980s, most of your energy was retained. There was an honesty to the system – that has long since disappeared.
As globalisation took hold in the 1990s, the incredible manufacturing powerhouse that was China was able to export its cheap goods aplenty and we bought them aplenty. China’s manufacturing costs were a lot cheaper than ours, and so China effectively exported lower prices. Meanwhile, in the West, in our measures of inflation we focus on consumer prices, which, thanks to China, kept getting lower and lower. “Look, inflation is low”, said central bankers, as they ignored all the debt being created to buy houses, commercial property and financial assets. And so interest rates gradually got lower.
Some could see that their money was losing its energy. House prices were going up at ridiculous rates. It was easy to borrow money. And so buy-to-let became a thing. You’re better off keeping your money in “bricks’n’mortar”. Don’t sell your flat as you move up the ladder to buy a house, just keep the flat and borrow more.
Instead of putting your money into the Leeds, you might have bought government bonds or gilts. These also paid you an interest rate that compensated you for the loss in purchasing power of your currency, and helped retain that energy you had expended earning the money in the first place. But since 2008, that option no longer exists either. There is no way you’ll hang on to your expended energy. Pension funds only buy bonds because they have to. I’m not joking – regulations oblige them.
We had the transformative invention of tracker funds and the exchange-traded fund (ETF). No longer did you have to take individual company risk, or individual fund manager risk; you could just buy the stockmarket.
So where do you put your money now?
And so, this century, the stockmarket, especially to our American brothers and sisters, effectively became a savings vehicle that returned you somewhere between 5% and 20% a year. (Most years).
In fact, it became such an effective savings vehicle that many began using leverage (another word for debt) to buy more, and so the money supply increases. It was a bit like buy-to-let. And the stockmarket, especially in the US, continually rises to levels which for years have had fund managers scratching their heads and wondering why they bother. The S&P 500 has become a savings vehicle.
I remember interviewing James Turk, founder of Goldmoney, back in 2006. We talked at great length about the loss of purchasing power of fiat money. James went so far as to write a book: The Coming Collapse of the Dollar and How to Profit from It. “Buy gold,” James would say. At the time it was trading around $500 an ounce.
“If we buy gold,” I asked him, “how do we know when to sell it?” “You’re not going to sell it,” James said. “You’re going to spend it.” In other words we were going to go back to using gold as money.
Like Turk, Satoshi Nakamoto took a look at what was going on with the system, and he didn’t like what he saw either. So he invented a new system of money called bitcoin. It really caught on. Here was a new system of money to save in and, boy, did it retain its energy. “HODL!” (hold your bitcoin indefinitely) has become its war cry.
Today bitcoin is gold 2.0, they say. Digital gold. It is immune to the pernicious forces of inflation. Its inflation rate is set in code. Even large public companies are using it as their savings vehicle. Microstrategies (Nasdaq: MSTR) has just raised another billion dollars to buy bitcoin, on top of the billion and a half it has already spent. Jack Dorsey’s Square announced yesterday that it has purchased another $190m-worth.
So we buy bitcoin, we HODL. How do we know when to sell? You’re not going to sell your bitcoin, they say. You’re going to spend it. I’ve heard that one before.
No, really you are. Bitcoin’s most vocal proponents constantly lobby companies and individuals to start accepting bitcoin. You’ll be able to buy a Tesla with it. Some house vendors now accept bitcoin. You can buy art – in the form of NFTs (more on those in the next issue of MoneyWeek, out on Friday – subscribe here if you don’t already have a subscription).
What about the capital gains tax implications of spending bitcoin (rather than trading it)? Do you have to pay CGT when you spend it? I’m looking forward to watching that argument. Life would be so much easier if governments protected the purchasing power of the currency they issued. But life isn’t easy, and governments print. What’s your chosen savings vehicle?
Daylight Robbery – How Tax Shaped The Past And Will Change The Future is now out in paperback at Amazon and all good bookstores with the audiobook, read by Dominic, on Audible and elsewhere.
