How to get rid of Britain's shadow economy

Simplify the tax system and you wouldn't have legions of tradesmen working cash in hand.

Is paying for goods in cash morally wrong? Clearly not. Is paying for goods in cash in order to avoid paying VAT morally wrong? I suppose so.

After all, any tax you avoid paying has to be made up somewhere. So if you don't pay it, someone else will or you'll end up paying it anyway via higher income tax or some such.

But all the fuss about paying in cash (since David Gauke's comments on itlast week) seem to miss the point that the real villains of the piece are not so much the ones paying in cash, as the ones receiving in cash, and the ones who created the system that encouraged them to do so.

Subscribe to MoneyWeek

Subscribe to MoneyWeek today and get your first six magazine issues absolutely FREE

Get 6 issues free
https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/flexiimages/mw70aro6gl1676370748.jpg

Sign up to Money Morning

Don't miss the latest investment and personal finances news, market analysis, plus money-saving tips with our free twice-daily newsletter

Don't miss the latest investment and personal finances news, market analysis, plus money-saving tips with our free twice-daily newsletter

Sign up

This isn't just about VAT. It's about the huge numbers of people who operate almost entirely outside the tax system. The painter you pay in cash? Most likely everyone else pays him in cash too. So not only is no VAT paid, but no income tax is paid. And no National Insurance is paid either. That's not tax avoidance it is tax evasion.

The tax gap in the UK (the difference between the amount we should get in tax revenues and the amount we actually do get) is estimated to be somewhere in the region of £35bn. That's the kind of money that could more or less make our fiscal problems go away.

In Europe things are rather the same: the black economy is estimated to be around €2trn (that's not far off a fifth of GDP) and the lost tax from it something like €1trn.

I wouldn't go as far as to say that the €1trn could solve Europe's problems (probably no amount of money can). But it would surely help out.

What's the solution? Lower taxes overall and better enforcement of those lower taxes. For evidence that the latter will help, look here and you will see that most people aren't really cheats at heart (or don't admit to being anyway).

And for the former? Here's my current favourite writer John Littlewood on the subject (and in this case in reference to the Attlee government).

"High taxation breeds an immoral psychology. It rewards connivance and spawns a tax avoidance industry that makes the honest citizen seem nave. Worst of all, its disincentive effect reduces the appetite to work harder and drives the very ambitious into tax exile." I'd say that pretty much sums up the problem just as well now as it did then.

It might also be worth noting, as a letter in The Times last week pointed out, that the more straightforward and low a tax system is, the less avoidance there is. In the Isle of Man (no capital gains tax, inheritance tax or stamp duty; and income tax at 20%) there is no such thing as a tax avoidance scheme.

Explore More
Merryn Somerset Webb

Merryn Somerset Webb started her career in Tokyo at public broadcaster NHK before becoming a Japanese equity broker at what was then Warburgs. She went on to work at SBC and UBS without moving from her desk in Kamiyacho (it was the age of mergers).

After five years in Japan she returned to work in the UK at Paribas. This soon became BNP Paribas. Again, no desk move was required. On leaving the City, Merryn helped The Week magazine with its City pages before becoming the launch editor of MoneyWeek in 2000 and taking on columns first in the Sunday Times and then in 2009 in the Financial Times

Twenty years on, MoneyWeek is the best-selling financial magazine in the UK. Merryn was its Editor in Chief until 2022. She is now a senior columnist at Bloomberg and host of the Merryn Talks Money podcast -  but still writes for Moneyweek monthly. 

Merryn is also is a non executive director of two investment trusts – BlackRock Throgmorton, and the Murray Income Investment Trust.