Look to space to fix the energy crisis

An untethered astronaut in space rear view

(Image credit: Getty Images/NASA)

Wind isn’t working. Or so it seems. New developments are on hold both in the UK and in the US (where one of the world’s biggest companies, Ørsted, has just abandoned two big projects); the UK’s offshore auction earlier this year attracted not a single bid. The problem here, says Barry Norris of Argonaut, is that wind is just “too expensive to be commercially viable, even with inflation-adjusted price guarantees which protect suppliers against intermittency and supply chain problems”.

This is partly about the rapidly rising cost of initial production: “cheap” wind was to some extent a function of low interest rates, low labour costs and low commodity prices. But it is also a question of ongoing costs – offshore turbines may last more like ten years than 25 – and about the cost of intermittency (the backup energy required when the wind isn’t blowing). The UK has poured a lot of energy and effort into making wind the answer to the energy transition. But, says Norris, that renewable energy is both more expensive and less useful than most people think. As a result, fossil fuels, like it or not, aren’t going anywhere.

Shares in the various renewable-energy companies out there seem to be with Norris on this. Most wind-only indices are down by over 20% so far this year and the S&P Global Clean Energy index (which includes solar, hydro and biomass) is down by 25% year-to-date (and up by a mere 2% over a ten-year period). Ørsted’s stock has slid by 60% this year alone. The same goes for the UK’s big energy companies, which are fast pulling back from their low-carbon promises and going instead for keeping oil output high and gas output growing. Shell’s new CEO Wael Sawan, for example, announced this week that he is to cut 200 jobs in the firm’s “low-carbon solutions” division and put another 130 under review.

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He is also looking to sell French floating-wind power specialist EOLFI, and earlier this month pulled out of a contract with a US windfarm, preferring to “pay a penalty rather than face rising costs for building the project”, according to Reuters. The UK government is clearly not convinced that renewables will be powering much more of our economy soon either. It plans to allow companies to bid annually for new licences to drill for North Sea oil and gas.

The uranium price has jumped by 125% since the end of 2020

Opportunities in space

So if wind is not the answer to our problems, or at best no more than a logistically tricky part of the answer, what is?

There’s a tempting thought in Tim Marshall’s recent book The Future of Geography. We can, he says, rely on space. Earlier this year, scientists at Caltech beamed back to Earth solar power that had been captured on panels in space. It converted it into a form of energy that can be wirelessly transmitted via microwave. A receiver on Earth then converted it back to energy.

It was a tiny amount, says Marshall, but it provided firm proof of concept: there is a chance that we are “only a few years away from having fields of such panels in space directing energy 24 hours a day” into national or local grids. And if that doesn’t come off, space combined with artificial intelligence (AI) might have another amazing solution for us: nuclear fusion, for which we need lots of helium-3. There isn’t much helium-3 on Earth (plenty of helium-4, the one we use for balloons, but not much helium-3). However there “may be a million tonnes of the stuff on the Moon”.

You might think that of little interest right now, given that despite decades of work we have not yet cracked fusion. But that is where AI might come in. What if AI solves fusion and the Moon provides the helium to make it work? Wind would definitely be a goner. Both these things would require a huge grid upgrade of course, but would certainly be kinder to the grid than the intermittent renewables we are currently having to manage.

Back to today. Abundant, steady and cheap energy beamed from space might not be too far in the future, but it is in the future.

Nuclear energy is set to expand

Before that, if we want to move away from fossil fuels, and assuming we don’t agree that gas will do the transition job, we do need a way to produce reliable electricity. Enter nuclear, which is safe, cheap, emissions-free (after hydro it is the cleanest greenest energy there is) and now recognised by pretty much everyone, including energy extremist Greta Thunberg, as the only good answer to the energy dilemma.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that for us to have any hope of reaching net zero, nuclear capacity needs to at least double by mid-century (we are assuming no movement on energy from space). That nuclear power is generally a good thing in a carbon-concerned world is hardly a new insight. However, the more doubt is cast over the other net zero solutions (and wind in particular) the more attention it will garner.

That may go some way to explaining the sharp rise in the uranium price (up by 125% since the end of 2020) and the share prices of the likes of Cameco (Toronto: CCO), up 83% year-to-date, and the Global X Uranium ETF (LSE: URNG), up 30%.

Norris, whose VT Argonaut Absolute Return fund has gained 80% over five years and has shown first-quartile performance over one, three, five and ten years, has been shorting wind and solar shares. Now he is buying uranium producers Cameco and Kazatomprom (LSE: KAP). Should you follow? Maybe. As Norris told Bloomberg: one day governments will wake up to the “uselessness” of intermittent weather-dependent power. Then, they will all go nuclear.

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