Over the last few weeks, the outlook for many French companies has deteriorated dramatically. The Altice empire, put together by billionaire Patrick Drahi, is in big trouble, ensnared in a corruption scandal, and raising emergency cash to stay afloat. Among other assets, its 24.5% stake in BT may have to be sold off, and its shares are down by almost 60% over the past year.
Last week, shares in Worldline, the payments firm that is one of the biggest tech businesses in France, crashed by 60% as it warned about its profits for the year ahead. One of the country’s few high-tech champions, even if it dates back to the 1970s, is failing badly.
It’s not looking much better at the drinks giant Rémy Cointreau. Over the last few months, its shares have slumped to their lowest level in 15 years due to poor sales amid a slowing global economy. Meanwhile, luxury goods empire LVMH is on the slide, with its shares down by a quarter in the last six months as demand from China slips.
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It was demand from Asia that made LVMH the largest company in Europe and also powered the likes of Hermès and L’Oréal. That generated vast profits, which in turn produced plenty of corporation tax: the state’s tax from companies rose by almost 50% over the last decade. But as China slows down, profits certainly won’t keep on growing the way they did and those tax revenues will dry up.
Meanwhile, membership of the euro, and the backing of the European Central Bank as it printed vast quantities of new money, has allowed France to run up huge debts. When the euro was launched, France’s debt was just 59% of GDP. It is now up to 112%. That worked while interest rates were close to zero, and when the ECB was buying bonds. Investors have simply assumed that France is “too big to fail” within the eurozone and that in a crisis the other member countries will always bail it out, and so will the central bank. Even so, it has now reached the limit of borrowing. Its credit rating has been cut. The IMF is warning that spending needs to be reduced further. Bond yields are rising. If there is a loss of confidence there could be a rapid exit.
Macron has sold himself to the world as a radical reformer. He was the man who would modernise France. True, he has made more progress on shaking up its rigid labour market and burdensome welfare system than his last two predecessors put together. Still, progress has been very slow, and all the grand talk of change has disguised the fact that he has presided over a vast increase in debt and state spending, helped by the luck of a luxury boom and low interest rates.
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