How the mini-Budget tax cuts will affect you

Last week Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng announced a package of tax cuts aimed at getting the economy going. So what does it all mean for your finances? The big news is that income tax is being cut. From next April, the basic rate of income tax will fall from 20% to 19%. According to the government this will mean 31 million people will save £170 a year on tax.

On top of this the 45% additional rate of income tax will be abolished in April 2023. This is paid by anyone earning more than £150,000 a year. Getting rid of it will save someone with an annual salary of £200,000 almost £3,000 a year.

The Chancellor also announced that the 1.25% rise in National Insurance due to take effect in November will not go ahead. This is expected to save nearly 28 million people an average of £330 per year, says the government. However, “the impact varies considerably depending on what you earn, as there are weekly thresholds for National Insurance”, says Kevin Peachey on BBC News.

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Who is saving what?

The upshot is that someone earning £20,000 will save around £93 a year, but someone with an annual salary of £100,000 will be £1,093 better off.

Combine the income-tax cuts with the scrapping of the National Insurance rise and someone with a £20,000 annual salary will be about £167 better off a year. Earners on £60,000 a year will save around £969 annually and anyone earning £100,000 a year will save £1,460, according to figures from accountants EY.

However, the Personal Allowance – the amount you can earn before you start paying income tax – remains frozen at £12,570. The level at which you start paying the higher rate of income tax is also static at £50,271. Both are set to remain the same until the 2025/26 tax year.

Research by the Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) for The Mail on Sunday estimates that the frozen tax brackets will mean “nearly five million lower-paid workers who currently pay no income tax will be dragged into the net over the next four years”, says Patrick Tooher in The Mail on Sunday. “Another 3.8 million taxpayers will be pulled into the 40% band as wages rise.”

This is predicted to mean an extra £46bn will be paid in income tax. “It means the haul from the frozen allowances will offset the Chancellor’s giveaways and has provoked accusations of robbing Peter to pay Paul.”

Stamp duty cut

The other key measure in Kwarteng’s speech is a cut in stamp duty in England and Northern Ireland. My colleague Merryn Somerset Webb makes an argument for abolishing stamp duty, but for now the threshold at which it is payable has been doubled from £125,000 to £250,000. And first-time buyers won’t pay stamp duty on property worth less than £425,000 (up from £300,000). They will also pay a discounted rate of stamp duty up to £625,000, instead of the previous £500,000. You can use our stamp duty calculator to figure out how much you’ll be paying.

As a result, the stamp duty bill on an average £312,000 home will fall from £5,600 to £3,100, a drop of 44%. However, many experts don’t believe the stamp-duty cut will stop big problems hitting the property market. In fact, the Budget could have made things a worse. A cut to stamp duty could stoke demand and push house prices up even further at a time when a mortgage affordability crisis is hitting the market.

What rising rates mean for your mortgage

In an effort to tackle inflation the Bank of England increased the base rate to 2.25% last week. But the plunging pound after the budget could lead to further interest-rate hikes very soon.

Rising rates are having a devastating impact on mortgages, with many homeowners finding that when their low-rate deals expire they are having to pay at least double the interest on a new deal. The average two-year fix was 1.39% in December but 3.51% by August, according to the Bank of England. “It’s not uncommon for borrowers’ payments to rise £500 to £1,000 a month,” says Martin Stewart, founder of mortgage broker London Money, in The Times. “When you go from mortgage rates of 1% to 3% in eight months, that’s a problem for people.”

Estate agency Hamptons estimates that if the base rate reaches 3%, someone buying a £295,750 property with a 25% deposit on a two-year deal would see monthly payments jump by £100 a

month, says Rachel Mortimer in The Telegraph. In short, what you save in stamp duty you may well soon hand over to your mortgage lender.