Capital gains tax receipts (CGT) hit a record £16.7 billion in tax year 2021/22 up 15% on the previous record year.
Under the current regime, CGT is payable on the profits made when selling an asset, with the amount received by the Treasury more than doubling in ten years. The number of payers in the latest tax year is also up 20% to 394,000.
New statistics from HMRC show that it is not only the super-wealthy who are footing CGT bills - 214,000 people paid CGT on gains of up to £25,000, marking a shift in who is paying the unpopular levy.
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The figures come at a significant time for potential CGT payers, as the free allowance was cut from £12,300 in 2022/23 to £6,000 for this tax year.
Investors cannot ignore captial gains tax
"If it isn’t already, CGT will soon be on most investors’ radars," says Helen Morrissey, head of retirement analysis at Hargreaves Lansdown, as more and more investors become liable for the levy.
“Although almost half (45%) of the total CGT paid is on super gains of £5 million or more, this tax is not just for the super wealthy as 214,000 people paid CGT on gains of up to £25,000.
“Overall, the numbers paying this wealth tax has more than doubled in 10 years and this number is only set to rise,” she says.
Toby Tallon, tax Partner at Evelyn Partners, echoes this sentiment, saying he expects CGT receipts are set to rise even further.
“From this tax year there is a sharp reduction in the annual exemption to £6,000 and it is due to halve again to £3,000 from 2024/2025 onwards. These changes will drag more individuals into the net for CGT,” he says.
He points to concerns from clients that the tax regime could become “even more restrictive” following the next general election, with many “accelerating the sale of assets before any potential tax changes, such as a possible increase in the rate of CGT.”
He says: “Anyone thinking of selling a property or business should remember it can be a lengthy process - particularly when it comes to disposing of large assets – and so planning ahead would be recommended. However tax is only one aspect to consider when disposing of an asset.
Landlords exodus drives up bill
A significant proportion of the latest CGT taking comes from sales of residential property, with 139,000 taxpayers reporting 151,000 disposals in the 2022/23 tax year, amassing a total liability of £1.8 billion - significantly larger than the tax year prior.
Rachael Griffin, tax and financial planning expert at Quilter says the data “suggests that there is an exodus of landlords from the property market as the tightening of tax laws on Buy to Lets make them a more unattractive investment.”
Landlords have contented with a turbulent few years, with a number opting to leave the market owing to high mortgage rates, expensive energy efficiency retrofits and rising property values.
Griffin says: Coupled with this the continuing high property values but simultaneous threat of a property price crash is seemingly making more landlords opt to sell up. How this ultimately impacts the market for all prospective buyers and renters is yet to be seen. Currently, property prices are slipping slowly but rent remains sky high as renters compete for a dwindling stock of rental properties.”
How to beat the CGT trap
Make use of your CGT allowance every year, before you lose it
Higher rate taxpayers pay 20% on capital gains on investments and 28% on gains from property. In the current tax year, you can make gains of £6,000 before you pay tax on them.
Offset losses against gains
Don’t forget, you can offset any capital losses you make during the tax year against gains. If your total taxable gain is still over the tax-free allowance, you may be able to deduct any unused losses from previous tax years. If just some of your losses reduce your gain to below the tax-free allowance, you can carry forward the remaining losses to a future tax year
Shelter as much of your portfolio in ISAs as possible.
If you have investments outside an ISA use the Bed and ISA process (also known as Share Exchange) to move these assets into an ISA.
Once in an ISA you won’t pay tax on either gains or income. Because the dividend tax rate is generally paid at a higher rate than the capital gains tax rate, it’s often worth prioritising income producing investments when making decisions about how to use your ISA allowance
Plan as a couple
If you’re married or in a civil partnership you can transfer investments into their name without triggering CGT, so you can both take advantage of your allowances. And if your spouse or partner can realise gains within the basic rate band they will pay 10% on gains (or 18% on residential property)
Consider a Venture Capital Trust
These aren’t right for everyone, because they are very high risk, so should only ever be considered as a small part of a large and diverse portfolio. However, if you use these schemes, they are CGT free and you can get up to 30% income tax relief.
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