Why the uranium price is set to keep rising
Turmoil in Kazakhstan – the world's leading producer of uranium, has sent the uranium price up by more than 8% in a week. And that's not the end of it.
Kazakhstan’s “dominant” role in the uranium market is “akin to that of the Opec+ group in crude oil”, says Neil Hume in the Financial Times. So turmoil in the country has sent uranium prices up more than 8% in a week to $45.65 a pound. The country is the world’s leading supplier of the nuclear fuel, accounting for more than 40% of supply. Globally, utility companies use about 180 million pounds of uranium per year, but only 125 million pounds is being mined, partly due to “a lack of investment in new deposits”. For now, the shortfall is being made up with stockpiles and re-purposed “military warheads”.
Supplies are secure
Still, disruption and shortages are unlikely, says Lucas Mediavilla in L’Express. The Kazakh mines are located in an isolated region far from the violence and no stoppages have been reported. What’s more, Kazakh uranium extraction is done by injecting liquid into the ground (a method similar to that used in oil fracking), says Teva Meyer, a nuclear specialist at the University of Haute-Alsace. Unlike large open-cast mines, this creates a relatively small surface footprint that is easier to secure against threats.
The risk of shortages in the short term is “minimal”, agrees Étienne Goetz in Les Echos. Nuclear power plants maintain large stockpiles of uranium fuel (known as yellowcake). Changes in uranium spot prices will also not feed through directly into electricity costs because industrial users overwhelmingly meet their needs through long-term contracts at previously agreed rates.
A tighter market
However, uranium prices are historically volatile, says Charles Archer for IG, varying from as high as $136 a pound in 2007 to a low of $18 a pound in 2016. The fuel has been in the doldrums during the decade since the Fukushima nuclear disaster, but things are changing as governments push to decarbonise the economy. Nuclear, which currently accounts for 10% of global electricity production, avoids the problem of intermittent production that dogs many renewables. China plans to build “150 new nuclear reactors over the next 15 years”, a significant addition to the 440 currently operating globally.
The launch last year of the Sprott Physical Uranium Trust in Canada shook up this opaque market, says Emily Graffeo on Bloomberg. The fund has seen “explosive growth”, enabling it to buy “almost a third of the world’s annual supply” and helping push up uranium prices by more than 30% last year. It now plans to raise and invest $3.5bn (£2.6bn) in the next two years. Taking the corresponding amount of uranium off the market “could seriously jack up prices”, says Alex Hamer in Investors’ Chronicle. UK-listed Yellow Cake (Aim: YCA), which follows a similar strategy, should benefit.