The drawbacks of pension drawdown

Income drawdown, whereby you draw an income from your savings while keeping them invested, has become the overwhelmingly favoured choice for pension savers managing their money in retirement.

But the downside of drawdown plans compared to annuities, which used to be most people’s default option for turning pension fund cash into regular income, is that you have to manage your resources with great care. Take out too much of your income and you’ll run out of money before your time is up, particularly if investment returns disappoint.

Many financial advisers have now abandoned the traditional approach to managing this problem. For many years, the standard advice to drawdown savers was to aim for a “safe withdrawal rate”. Savers who withdrew less than a certain percentage of their pension fund as income each year could be confident their money would see them through retirement, advisers argued.

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Updating the model

That felt like a blunt tool even before ultra-low interest rates and stockmarket volatility began unnerving savers. Until recently, 4% was considered a safe withdrawal rate, but that figure can be traced to academic research carried out in the US in the early 1990s – a different time and a different place. More recently, investment analyst Morningstar has published data suggesting 2% is more realistic.

Now, however, research from the insurer Aegon suggests more than a third of financial advisers have dumped the idea of a safe withdrawal rate altogether. Instead, they have shifted to modelling tools that aim to understand what income savers might need during different stages of retirement, as well as to adjust for stockmarket ups and downs. The idea is to build an income schedule for retirement based on scenario planning and stress testing. For example, what might you pay for care should you need it later in life? How might a long market downturn affect your retirement finances?

The downside to this approach is that it is complicated. If you’re managing your own finances in retirement, rather than working with a specialist adviser, it may prove difficult to build your own model. Nevertheless, this sort of dynamic modelling should feel much more comfortable than plucking a withdrawal rate out of thin air. The idea is to build an income plan that reflects your life, rather than an academic number-crunching exercise.

Bear in mind that before the pension-freedom reforms of six years ago, income drawdown was regarded as the preserve of sophisticated investors with significant savings. Most savers who went down this route did so with the help of professional advice. The reforms effectively democratised the drawdown approach, but they didn’t remove the challenges of managing your money in this way in retirement. It still makes sense for the vast majority of people to get help from an expert.

One final thought: drawdown plans don’t have to last a lifetime. One option that works well for many people is to opt for drawdown early in retirement – the first five to ten years, say. Then, as you get older and need more certainty, you still have the option of using the remainder of your pension fund to buy an annuity income.