Saudi Arabia heads for a "lost year"

2020 will be a “lost year” for Saudi Arabia, says The Economist. The Covid-19 epidemic has frozen the desert kingdom’s economy and left it with “lakes of unwanted oil”. Riyadh needs oil at $85/barrel in order to balance its budget. The price plunge has left it with a $2bn weekly hole in its accounts. The state has been forced to slash public expenditure by 50bn riyals (£10.6bn). 

For all the talk of economic diversification, oil provides about two-thirds of government revenue and brought about $208bn into the exchequer last year, says Liam Denning on Bloomberg. That revenue stream could plunge by more than $100bn this year. Budget cuts are politically awkward because two-thirds of the national workforce is employed by the state, with 40% of expenditure devoted to wages. “As it often does, oil has brought enormous wealth, but at the price of economic dynamism”.  What’s more, “Saudi Arabia’s world is coming undone”. The kingdom’s relative stability has for decades rested on the twin pillars of the oil market and American security guarantees. Yet the world is turning away from fossil fuels and Washington is losing interest in the Middle East thanks to domestic production. 

Russia, not Riyadh, has emerged as the main loser from the  price war, says Noah Rothman in Commentary magazine. Moscow refused to cut output in March in order to combat American frackers. Yet a 30% plunge in the price of the rouble shows how vulnerable it is to falling prices. A desperate Russia has now reportedly agreed to 2.5 million barrels per day in cuts, four times more than it refused to countenance a one month ago. “This looks like a victory for the US, and Russia ends up a bigger loser than Saudi Arabia,” says Kremlin analyst Andrey Kortunov.