How bitcoin will offer an escape from a Brave New World in the next two decades
Bitcoin should prove an excellent store of value as central banks muscle their way into the cryptocurrency world over the coming decades, writes Dominic Frisby.


If you asked me how many pounds, dollars or euros there’ll be in 2040, I couldn’t tell you. I could guess. That guess might be educated or informed, but it would still be a guess. That’s because the rate at which national currencies are created is arbitrary. It’s entirely at the whims of central bankers and the politicians they serve (see page 4). For example, at the start of this year – a few Chinese virologists with a keen interest in monetary policy aside – barely a soul could have predicted the sheer scale of money creation in 2020. Roughly 22% of all the US dollars in existence have been created this year alone, with the goal of cushioning the global economy from the impacts of lockdown. And there is no limit to how much more fiat money can be created. It is inherently inflationary.
However, I can tell you that there will never be any more than 21 million bitcoins. That figure will be reached not in 2040, but in 2140. The supply of bitcoins is deliberately capped. The currency was born in reaction to the central bank money printing and government action that bailed out the finance sector in 2008, and the economic inequality that unrestrained money supply creates. The supply of bitcoin is transparent, planned and programmed.
The evolution of cryptocurrencies
So far, 18.7 million bitcoins have been created. By 2040 that number will be just over 20 million, on its way to the eventual final figure of 21 million by 2140. The number that are actually in usage at that point will be lower – around 15% will be unusable, due to lost keys and passwords.
Subscribe to MoneyWeek
Subscribe to MoneyWeek today and get your first six magazine issues absolutely FREE

Sign up to Money Morning
Don't miss the latest investment and personal finances news, market analysis, plus money-saving tips with our free twice-daily newsletter
Don't miss the latest investment and personal finances news, market analysis, plus money-saving tips with our free twice-daily newsletter
It is this limited, finite supply, which is deliberately designed to digitally replicate the preciousness of gold, that makes bitcoin so desirable as a store of wealth. Consider how much purchasing power the pound has lost over the past ten, 20 or 50 years. How much more food, clothing, energy or accommodation did a pound used to buy you? Bitcoin is the opposite. Because its supply is finite, it is a deflationary system of money and so its purchasing power increases over time.
What will the bitcoin price be in 2040? Now that would be guessing. But just as I can tell you with total certainty that a lot more fiat money will exist in 2040 than it does today, I can also tell you that the price of bitcoin will be a lot higher. The more the price goes up, the more people will want it – and the more those on the outside will cry “bubble!”. What’s a bubble after all, but a bull market in which you don’t have a position?
For sure there will be a plethora of copycats. Already there are thousands of other cryptocurrencies and there will be thousands more, each with their own functions and idiosyncrasies – crypto for fast payments, private payments, small payments, currencies to build apps on and create start-up business ventures. Some are proving more successful than others, but none, as yet, have the same network effect as bitcoin. Institutions too will start issuing their own currencies, possibly backed by “official” government-issued ones. Facebook’s Libra coin is probably the most advanced, but surely Amazon, Google and Apple are designing their own competitors. And how long before air miles and supermarket rewards points become freely exchangeable?
Government cryptocurrencies
More significantly, central banks too are going digital. Covid-19 has accelerated the move away from cash, but this is bigger than that. Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) – based on a basket of currencies – were a big theme of Mark Carney’s while he was governor of the Bank of England and interest in CBDCs has only grown since then. The European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund and even Jerome Powell of the Federal Reserve have been talking about them.
And little wonder. Banning cash and issuing digital currency directly would enable central banks to circumvent (or even replace) banking and fiscal systems. When everyone has a digital currency account directly with the central bank, it will be possible to tax one group directly – perhaps by taxing payments, or levying negative interest rates – while implementing fiscal policy elsewhere (paying out furlough money for example, or even universal basic income, direct to bank accounts). It means that fiscal policy can be managed outside government balance sheets and all taxes will be deducted at source, giving authorities enormous power.
With the vast amounts of real-time data collected, the Ministry of Nudges – aka behavioural economists – will be able to deploy as many incentive, reward and punishment schemes as it can dream up. You might see this Aldous Huxley-type future as a good thing, or a bad thing, depending on your political leanings, but the available technology and the controlling, meddling instincts of governments mean it is almost inevitable.
It’s bad news for banks, whose role will shrink. It’s good news for fintech and central banks. And it’s good news for apolitical money whose value isn’t beholden to policy-makers – bitcoin and gold, especially. They will be the world’s escape and its hedge.
Sign up for MoneyWeek's newsletters
Get the latest financial news, insights and expert analysis from our award-winning MoneyWeek team, to help you understand what really matters when it comes to your finances.
Dominic Frisby (“mercurially witty” – the Spectator) is as far as we know the world’s only financial writer and comedian. He is the author of the popular newsletter the Flying Frisby and is MoneyWeek’s main commentator on gold, commodities, currencies and cryptocurrencies. He has also taken several of his shows to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
His books are Daylight Robbery - How Tax Changed our Past and Will Shape our Future; Bitcoin: the Future of Money? and Life After the State - Why We Don't Need Government.
Dominic was educated at St Paul's School, Manchester University and the Webber-Douglas Academy Of Dramatic Art. You can follow him on X @dominicfrisby
-
Watch out for fake Steven Bartlett video – you could lose thousands
Scammers are trying to tap into the Trump tariffs chaos, but knowing what to look out for could save you thousands of pounds, says Kalpana Fitzpatrick
By Kalpana Fitzpatrick
-
Can Donald Trump fire Jay Powell – and what do his threats mean for investors?
Donald Trump has been vocal in his criticism of Jerome "Jay" Powell, chairman of the Federal Reserve. What do his threats to fire him mean for markets and investors?
By Katie Williams
-
Out of America's shadow: Why Trump's tariff chaos may be good for non-US stocks
Opinion Upending global investment and trade could benefit other countries at the expense of the US market, says Cris Sholto Heaton
By Cris Sholto Heaton
-
BP's 'long, painful decline' – and why next year could be even tougher
Opinion Long-suffering shareholders in oil giant BP have been pushing for change. It won’t come soon enough, says Matthew Lynn
By Matthew Lynn
-
Investment trusts tap the profits in exotic and obscure global markets
Opinion Peter Walls, manager of the Unicorn Mastertrust fund, highlights three investment trusts as he shares where he'd put his money
By Peter Walls
-
Falling revenues and mounting debt spell trouble for Jumia Technologies
Struggling African e-commerce platform Jumia Technologies looks headed for the exit, says Dr Matthew Partridge.
By Dr Matthew Partridge
-
Next reports £1 billion in annual profits for the first time – what's next for the retailer?
Clothing retailer Next has become only the fourth member of its sector to surpass £1 billion in annual profits. What does this mean for the company's future?
By Dr Matthew Partridge
-
Best of British bargains: cash in on undervalued companies in the UK stock market
Opinion Michael Field, Chief Equity Market Strategist, EMEA, Morningstar, selects three attractive UK stocks where he'd put his money
By Michael Field
-
Building firm Keller presents low debt and ample scope for growth
Geotechnical contractor Keller, which supports vital global infrastructure, boasts rising profits and a cheap valuation
By Dr Mike Tubbs
-
PZ Cussons share price down 75% in last decade – why it's one to watch
Opinion Once-strong consumer-goods business PZ Cussons is out of favour with the market. That spells opportunity for investors, says Jamie Ward
By Jamie Ward