America’s debt ceiling debate shows we have reached a turning point. Trouble is, the authorities may not turn. They need to turn away from moneyprinting, deficits and expensive overseas meddling. Typically, the ruling class can’t do it.
These things increase their wealth and power; they don’t want to give them up. Instead, they use tricks, disguises and brute force to keep the racket going, all the way to the disastrous end. Will this time be different?
In the boom of 2009-2022, anything seemed possible. Money grew on trees. And the trees all got the Fed’s MiracleGro. It could be used to pay for pointless wars, investments that didn’t pay off, deficits, zombies – you name it.
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No more. Inflation changes everything. It raises prices. And higher prices make consumers unhappy and voters restless. The social fabric wrinkles... then rips.
The middle class bears the brunt. The poor have their inflation-adjusted handouts. The rich have their inflationboosted financial assets. The middle class has neither.
All it has is its time – which it sells by the hour. Inflation depreciates time. Long-term investments aren’t made. Long-term bonds get marked down. And real wages per hour have been falling for the last two years.
Meanwhile, inflation increases house prices. But a home is not a financial asset. Families can’t “cash out”; they have to live somewhere. All they can do is borrow against the “equity”.
And then they are trapped; they will need low interest rates to refinance – or lose their homes. In countries with severe inflation, the middle class gets squeezed so hard it vanishes.
In Venezuela, Argentina, Zimbabwe... as inflation rates went up, the middle class sank into poverty. That’s why democracy is incompatible with inflation.
The many poor are dependent on government handouts; they are easily bamboozled and bribed. And the elite get to be good at it. They become “extractive” – that is, they use their skills and power to make themselves rich at others’ expense.
An honest democracy needs a free, informed middle class. It needs a yeoman class – people who own their own farms and houses, pay the taxes, are ready to protect the homeland, and vote independently.
But what’s happening? Middle-class Americans remain the biggest income group by number of people, says Statista; but the same can’t be said of its income. From 1970 to 2021, the share of US aggregate income earned by the middle class shrank from 62% to 42%.
Over the same time, aggregate earnings by high-income Americans rose from 29% to 50%. The disappearance of the middle class corresponds with another of the great conceits we can no longer afford: an empire.
Almost two decades ago, we wrote a book with Addison Wiggin called Empire of Debt. It was a best-seller, written in 2005 when US debt was $13trn or 60% of GDP. Today, it’s $32trn, 120% of GDP.
The gist of our book is that though the US has been in the empire racket for more than a 100 years, it has never gotten the hang of it.
It extends its power and it offers protection to nations who obey, but war and sanctions to those who don’t. The trouble is, it loses the wars and loses money on the whole enterprise.
The idea of an empire is that you conquer and steal, and then demand tribute. It’s supposed to be at least self-financing, and usually profitable.
But the US stumbles and bumbles. It has the expense of conquering, then the expense of governing, and the extra cost of “building a democracy”. But where’s the pay-off? The booty? The tribute?
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8 of the best houses for sale for around £500,000Some of the best houses for sale for around £500,000 – from a 19th-century stone farm cottage in North Yorkshire and a two-bedroom apartment in Edinburgh’s New Town to a converted Methodist chapel in Norfolk
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What will the unravelling of US-China trade mean for the economy?What will a US-China decoupling mean for the global economy?
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Federal Reserve cuts US interest rates for the first time in more than four yearsPolicymakers at the US central bank also suggested rates would be cut further before the year is out
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America is in deep denial over debtThe downgrade in America’s credit rating was much criticised by the US government, says Alex Rankine. But was it a long time coming?
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US inflation falls to the lowest level in two yearsNews The rate of CPI inflation in the US slowed to its lowest rate since April 2021, suggesting the Federal Reserve’s rate hikes may be coming to an end.
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Is US inflation accelerating again? Figures suggest the Fed has further to goNews The latest US inflation figures suggest inflation is not falling as fast as analysts had predicted. It could even be speeding up again.
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Federal Reserve raises interest rates by 0.5%News The latest hike by the Federal Reserve takes the US benchmark rate to 4.25% - 4.5%.
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US inflation drops to 7.7%News Costs for rents increased, but the price of cars, clothes and medical care helped slow the rate of inflation in the US
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Federal Reserve hikes interest rates to 4%News The Federal Reserve continues its battle with inflation with another bumper interest rate hike.
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US inflation remains higher than expectedNews US inflation fell by 0.1% but remains higher than expected due to the rising cost of food, shelter and medical care.
