Since WW2, the US has been the world's dominant political and military force. That's now changing – and it means a weaker US dollar. John Stepek looks at what's behind the change, and how to position your portfolio.
Today we're kicking off by talking about global trade. Before I get started, if you haven't downloaded our free report on the future of global trade (in association with currency specialists OFX), then I urge you to do so it's free of charge and there's a lot of original content in there from the MoneyWeek team, including Dominic. Check it out here.
Anyway, before they fell out, a deal between the US and China was "about 90% of the way there", according to US Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin.
As a result, he's hopeful that when Donald Trump and Xi Jinping meet this weekend on the sidelines of the G20 meeting in Japan, they'll be able to start hammering things out again.
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Of course, as everyone from Theresa May to poor Neil Woodford knows to their cost, that teensy little 10% can mean all the difference.
Trump may be warming markets up for a reconciliation with China
Stockmarkets got a bit of a boost early on yesterday on hopes that Trump and Xi might kiss and make-up or at least start following each other on Instagram again (or whatever "the kids" are doing these days).
By the end of the day, hopes had faded somewhat. But it's interesting that Trump has been ramping up attacks on everyone else this morning ahead of the G20 summit.
The headline grabber was his accusation that the US would go to war to protect Japan, "but if we are attacked, Japan doesn't have to help us at all. They can watch on a Sony television".
He also got incensed at the EU for targeting US companies with competition probes. And he got annoyed with India over its tit-for-tat retaliation on tariffs, after the US revoked the country's special trade privileges.
Whether this is a tactic or not, talking tough about everyone else does enable Trump to lay off China for a bit without looking as though he's "gone soft".
The other interesting thing and, I believe, the ultimately far more consequential thing is that it's very clear that Trump is still pursuing the "America First" policy, regardless of old alliances.
And whether you like him or not, he does have a point. The US spends a lot of money on defence, and its allies benefit from that.
Now there are lots of historical reasons for that. It's pushing it a bit to accuse Japan of freeloading, for example, when its position in World War II meant that for many decades, most of the world was more than happy for it to maintain a pacifist stance. Same goes for Germany, which has been accused of not pulling its weight on defence spending.
And of course, this dominance means that the US gets to entrench both hard and soft power everywhere it goes. The price for being the global hegemon is to be the global policeman too.
So I'm not saying for a minute that Trump is playing entirely fair here. To a very great extent, the world is the way it is because the US wanted it this way.
But under Trump who in turn was elected by a group of people who got rather sick of the current arrangement this has definitely changed.
This is why he's somewhat less of a warmonger than we've seen from leaders of the past 30 years at least. It's not because he's a bleeding-heart humanitarian. It's because he doesn't see the point of wasting American lives and money on foreign wars of questionable value (witness his apparent hesitancy over engaging Iran at the weekend).
The end of "Pax Americana" also means the end of US dollar dominance
But what does this mean for investors? If the US gradually disengages from this role, then that implies other things too.
Why is the US dollar the world's reserve currency? Two reasons: the US has an incredibly powerful economy; and it has the military might to stand behind that incredibly powerful economy.
If you take away one and you start using the other (your economic dominance) as a weapon, rather than a form of soft power, then other countries will start looking for alternatives.
Think of the operating systems on your smartphone. Most people use iOS (Apple) or Android (the Google-backed one).
Now imagine that Android started charging you per minute for using the operating system. Not only that, but if it didn't like a post you put out on Twitter, it would cut off your internet access at random.
Everyone would switch over to Apple within months, if not weeks.
It'll take longer to disengage from the US dollar. But the countries at the sharper end of US sanctions such as Russia are stocking up on gold, while both China and India are clearly keen to make big advances in payment technology.
People have been talking about the demise of the dollar for a very long time. It's always been seen as a collapse a form of "just deserts" for overspending and decadence.
But the puritanical view is overly simplistic. Just as the eurozone won't collapse until Germany decides that the privileges it enjoys by using an undervalued euro are outweighed by the costs of maintaining it, so the US dollar could never collapse until the US decided that being global hegemon just wasn't worth the hassle.
That's where we are now. Trump is a symptom of that, not the cause. He's the leader that the US elected to tell the rest of the world that they can deal with their own problems. For now, the US may not realise what that will cost or it may realise, and be willing to pay that cost.
But one way or another, in the longer run, it spells a weaker US dollar. Why do you think Facebook is launching its own hybrid currency? Why do you think bitcoin still exists, despite its apparently chronic unsuitability to being used as an actual medium of exchange?
Our monetary system is evolving, which was always going to be the end-stage of the post-financial crisis era. What it will evolve into, we can't be sure. But you can certainly prepare for it by taking steps to insulate your portfolio.
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John Stepek is a senior reporter at Bloomberg News and a former editor of MoneyWeek magazine. He graduated from Strathclyde University with a degree in psychology in 1996 and has always been fascinated by the gap between the way the market works in theory and the way it works in practice, and by how our deep-rooted instincts work against our best interests as investors.
He started out in journalism by writing articles about the specific business challenges facing family firms. In 2003, he took a job on the finance desk of Teletext, where he spent two years covering the markets and breaking financial news.
His work has been published in Families in Business, Shares magazine, Spear's Magazine, The Sunday Times, and The Spectator among others. He has also appeared as an expert commentator on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, BBC Radio Scotland, Newsnight, Daily Politics and Bloomberg. His first book, on contrarian investing, The Sceptical Investor, was released in March 2019. You can follow John on Twitter at @john_stepek.
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