Australia has dodged recession for 27 years and sailed through the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 largely unscathed. But things could be about to change.
House prices in Melbourne are 7.2% off their 2017 peak
(Image credit: German)
"Australia has dodged many banana skins" in the past decade or so, says The Economist. But the danger is that it could soon "fall down a manhole". Australia has dodged recession for 27 years. The country's economic cycle was broadly in step with America's until 2001.
Then the US slipped into recession, while Australia sharply cut interest rates, thereby firing up its housing market. Meanwhile, a lending spree in China led to a mining boom in resource-rich Australia; in conjunction with a well-timed fiscal stimulus, this helped Australia sail through the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 largely unscathed. As a result, the economy now seems "overdue a fall".
The housing bubble now appears to be bursting. Prices in Sydney and Melbourne, the two most overvalued property markets, have now dropped 11.1% and 7.2% respectively compared with the 2017 peak. Meanwhile, the boom in mortgage lending, and general exuberance, has seen Australia's household debt increase from 45% of GDP in 1996 to an eye-watering 121% at the end of 2018. (In the UK, the figure is 87%). Consumers owe 200% of their disposable income.
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As Bloomberg points out, the Bank for International Settlements has calculated that household debt starts to drag on growth once it reaches 80% of GDP. No wonder, then, that the expansion is beginning to slow. In 2018, weak consumer spending was the "chief culprit" that dragged annual growth down from 3.4%to 2.8% in the third quarter, notes Emma Dunkley inthe Financial Times.
Income growth has slowed, which, along with the debtpile, is making consumersmore cautious.Consumption accounts for more than half of GDP. The Australian dollar has weakened to its lowest level in a decade against its US counterpart, which bodes well for tourism. But this is set to be overshadowed by the fact that the economy remains at the mercy of the cycle in China. Australia is the most China-dependent developed economy, says Bloomberg. The Middle Kingdom buys 35% of Australia's exports, accounting for 8% of GDP.
China won't help this time
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Marina Gerner is an award-winning journalist and columnist who has written for the Financial Times, the Times Literary Supplement, the Economist, The Guardian and Standpoint magazine in the UK; the New York Observer in the US; and die Bild and Frankfurter Rundschau in Germany.
Marina is also an adjunct professor at the NYU Stern School of Business at their London campus, and has a PhD from the London School of Economics.
Her first book, The Vagina Business, deals with the potential of “femtech” to transform women’s lives, and will be published by Icon Books in September 2024.
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