10 July 1940: the Vichy regime is established in France

A nominally neutral puppet government was set up in the southern French town of Vichy on this day 1940, to administer the part of France not under Nazi occupation.

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Ptain makes a short-lived deal with Hitler

After invading Poland in September 1939, Nazi forces turned their attention westwards. However, the German high command vetoed Hitler's plans for an immediate attack on France, pointing out that the army and airforce weren't big enough. Instead, they focused their efforts on further armament.

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Dr Matthew Partridge
Shares editor, MoneyWeek

Matthew graduated from the University of Durham in 2004; he then gained an MSc, followed by a PhD at the London School of Economics.

He has previously written for a wide range of publications, including the Guardian and the Economist, and also helped to run a newsletter on terrorism. He has spent time at Lehman Brothers, Citigroup and the consultancy Lombard Street Research.

Matthew is the author of Superinvestors: Lessons from the greatest investors in history, published by Harriman House, which has been translated into several languages. His second book, Investing Explained: The Accessible Guide to Building an Investment Portfolio, is published by Kogan Page.

As senior writer, he writes the shares and politics & economics pages, as well as weekly Blowing It and Great Frauds in History columns He also writes a fortnightly reviews page and trading tips, as well as regular cover stories and multi-page investment focus features.

Follow Matthew on Twitter: @DrMatthewPartri