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Monetary policy is about exercising control over the money supply (the amount of money circulating in the economy) with the aim of influencing the economy (usually in line with political objectives such as low unemployment and economic growth).
It is usually administered by a Government-appointed central bank, such as the Bank of England, which has had independence in the area since 1997. It now makes its own adjustments to money supply with the aim of meeting Government inflation targets.
Key monetary tools available to the central banks included setting the rate of interest, buying and selling foreign currency and setting the level of reserves banks must maintain relative to the value of their loan portfolio.
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Get the latest financial news, insights and expert analysis from our award-winning MoneyWeek team, to help you understand what really matters when it comes to your finances.
MoneyWeek is written by a team of experienced and award-winning journalists, plus expert columnists. As well as daily digital news and features, MoneyWeek also publishes a weekly magazine, covering investing and personal finance. From share tips, pensions, gold to practical investment tips - we provide a round-up to help you make money and keep it.
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Bank of England
Glossary The Bank of England is the UK's central bank. It started life in 1694 as a private bank set up by London merchants as a vehicle to lend money to the government and to deal with the national debt.
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Index-linked gilts
Glossary Index-linked gilts are sterling bonds issued by the Bank of England and listed on the London Stock Exchange, introduced to act as a hedge against inflation for pension funds.
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Money supply
Glossary Money supply is simply the amount of money available in the economy.
