The real roots of the financial crisis

Earlier this week I wrote a column, which you can read here, in which I suggested that it won’t be any of the political crises that are erupting around us that will be the defining events of our age, it will be the financial crisis. Why? Because the latter is causing the former.

The banking crisis turned sovereign debt crisis turned banking crisis (and so on) has given us two things almost guaranteed to cause political and social turmoil: quantitative easing (and hence the kind of inflation that exacerbates inequality – more on this in a later blog), and austerity.

However, you could of course say, as some readers have, that to argue it that way around is to miss the first step. Instead, says one reader, Robin Cooke-Hurle, it is the “political and cultural issues which run very deep”. With the benefit of hindsight, only action taken a good decade ago could have headed all this off.

If after the dotcom crash we had kept interest rates at historically normal levels; if we had all actually made even the vaguest of efforts to head towards balanced budgets; and if we had put in place better credit regulations, we would have missed out on a decade of binging, but we’d be in a much better place now.

This is of course entirely true – the real roots of the financial crisis (and hence today’s rolling political crises) lie in the inadequacy of our political process.

I’ve written about this in other blogs, but, as my reader says, “perhaps the true genesis of what is happening lies in the unwillingness of electors to see any trade-off between spending their own money and having public services” something that makes raising the revenue to run a modern welfare state increasingly impossible. 

If corporation taxes are raised, corporations re-locate, but if you raise personal taxes or cut spending, you get voted out. It was perhaps attempts to ‘square that circle’ with an explosion of private and public debt (to say nothing of illusory wealth) that led to the financial crisis.

If you want to hear more on all this, you might head for the ERC in London tonight. The failure of politicians and the reasons why they just can’t fix the mess we are in (short answer: because they caused it) is the special subject of Guy Fraser Sampson, and he’ll be speaking there tonight. Click here for details.

18 Responses

  1. 1

    02/10/2012, Joe Wilson wrote

    Merryn,

    Couldn't agree more. Although I think the trade off isn't just between current tax payers and public services - but also the debt and unfunded health and pensions obligations to future tax payers.

    What is urgently needed is a new Magna Carta/ Constitution that protects the electorate from politicians and charges the office of budget responsibility and Bank of England (enforced by the supreme court) with responsibility to ensure that fiscal responsibility is maintained.

    There might be a 'cost' in the short term to GDP growth but in the longer run the stability and confidence such protection would give to UK based citizens and companies would I believe pay off.

  2. 2

    02/10/2012, Young Investor wrote

    Interesting article. Quantitative Easing is really just a racket that ensures that the rich temporarily get richer and the middling and poor get poorer, possibly permantly.The real pain, for everyone, is still to come, I think.

  3. 3

    03/10/2012, Colin Selig-Smith wrote

    Merryn, the current crop of politicians didn't cause anything.

    This has certainly been going on for centuries and possibly millennia. Booms and busts are designed in to the banking system. What on earth is everyone complaining about? Oh you were a believer who got caught in it when the latest ponzi collapsed? I recommend you keep an eye on credit creation.

    While it's down to the voters to persuade politicians to change it, they have no idea how the monetary system functions and it appears to be in nobody's interest to educate them. It's instead rather in all our interests to continue to take from the poor and give to the rich.

  4. 4

    03/10/2012, Shahabuddin wrote

    True.. Our Politicians and Monetary Policy makers are so obsessed with Growth and to win Elections that they do not care about how much debt burden they are putting on the common man in the long run. The whole system needs to be Reset, the longer it takes and the more QE infinity continues the more disastrous the correction will be. This time it is going to be a global phenomenon, in fact I think it has already started, it is matter of time till the financial markets get their reality check. Basically, Monetary Policy is like a complicated computer program and that has been tempered with so many times in last ten years that it is a matter of time the whole program will CRASH.

  5. 5

    03/10/2012, financialfundi wrote

    Colin
    I believe it was Napoleon who once said ' 'tis a blessing to the ruler that the common man can't (be bothered to?) think'

  6. 6

    03/10/2012, Austrian Andy wrote

    Going to a lecture at LSE next Tuesday, to hear Merv speak about inflation. I shall pass on everyone's warmest regards.

  7. 7

    03/10/2012, Roberto Birquet wrote

    Were it not for 9/11, then September 2008 and the Lehman's bankruptcy would have been tagged as the start of the new century by future historians.

    Historians never cite say 1800 as the start of the 19th, not 1900 as the start of the 20th. It is great era-changing turning points. So 1789 French Revolution is the start of the 19th, and either 1914 Great War or 1917 Bolshevik Russian Revolution start the 20th. The end of neoliberalism in 21st century ? end of the euro? end of Spain? Maybe even something beyond such speculations. Few of us have a real inkling.

  8. 8

    03/10/2012, Roberto Birquet wrote

    ,... “perhaps the true genesis of what is happening lies in the unwillingness of electors to see any trade-off between spending their own money and having public services”
    ----------------
    I agree that voters want their cake (services) and eat it (no new taxes). But that also misses the point.
    the genesis of this crisis did not happen in a treasury dept. Lehman's did not go bust because Brown financed too many hospitals.
    The system of the past 30 years demanded low wages for the masses, and few manufacturing jobs. We would turn in the UK to financial services and a consumer economy. But with wages stagnating since the 80s, and in the US, who was going to do the buying?
    Step forward Mr credit card, and Mrs financial deregulation, and mega-loans for everyone. Keep on spending. When the current govt came to power, it focused on govt debt, even though consumer debt alone was double that; and bank sector debt even greater.

  9. 9

    04/10/2012, Beta adjusted wrote

    Theres a deeper question/problem, namely the rise and fall of empires, in this case, the US. Nobody knows how to run our global economy in a way that would minimise risk and maximise prosperity for mankind (even if they did, I suspect they wouldn't). There is an interesting field of study called 'Econophysics' ... essentially capital flows follow the 2nd law of thermodynamics and classical econ violates the laws of physics (which are quite well established).

  10. 10

    04/10/2012, Beta adjusted wrote

    Theres a deeper question/problem, namely the rise and fall of empires, in this case, the US. Nobody knows how to run our global economy in a way that would minimise risk and maximise prosperity for mankind (even if they did, I suspect they wouldn't). There is an interesting field of study called 'Econophysics' ... essentially capital flows follow the 2nd law of thermodynamics and classical econ violates the laws of physics (which are quite well established).

  11. 11

    05/10/2012, Critic Al Rick wrote

    As I see things the present financial crisis it is not so much about Debts as about Deficits (Balance of Payments and Budget); although, of course, the Deficits are exacerbated by the Debts.

    In theory inflation will reduce the significance of Debts but in practice, as I see things, inflation aggravates Deficits, and has been doing so since the 1970s. Economies in the West have deteriorated due to the effects of inflation on Deficits since currencies were decoupled from the gold standard.

    I would say the root cause of the present financial crisis is the advent of globalisation compounded by Richard Nixon et al in 1971 and exacerbated by bailing out the Banks ever since 2008.

    I would also say that this financial crisis is 'The Fall of the West', comparable to 'The Fall of the Roman Empire'.

  12. 12

    06/10/2012, R Beebee wrote

    I agree with Critic Al Rick that the start of it all was the exit of the Gold Standard. This act set a precedent and a mind set to all Governments that you don't need Gold to borrow money, you just need to convince the bond markets you can pay it all back.

  13. 13

    09/10/2012, Andy N wrote

    Why has everyone forgotten our war debt? Why have we got such short memories? Why does everyone think our national debt is so impossible to pay off, that our politicians are so feckless? Why is the choice between growth and austerity?

    We paid off our war debt, and that was 2.5 times or 250 pc of GDP in 1945.

    How did we pay off our colossal national debt? By growth and austerity. Just ask your grandma.

  14. 14

    09/10/2012, Critic Al Rick wrote

    @ 12. Andy

    You ask: "How did we pay off our colossal national debt (WWII)?"

    Prior to the early 1980s we had thriving industry and a positive Balance of Payments (BoP). Now we have growing BoP Deficits and a huge inept Banking Sector being continuously bailed-out.

    Furthermore, inflation may in theory reduce the significance of Debts but, IMO, it is exacerbating the BoP Deficit (as well as the Budget Deficit).

    That is why out National Debt will never be (sustainably) reduced to sensible levels, barring a suitable miracle such as the very wealthy becoming uncharacteristically very benevolent followed by the voluntary eradication of the other Parasites (rich, poor and intermediate), or the discovery of copious quantities of practicably extractable minerals, etc.

    Anyway, that's my take on the situation.

  15. 15

    12/10/2012, Roberto Birquet wrote

    Critic al Rick and R Beebie.
    Can you explain how a government budget deficit (and deficits exacerbate debts, not the other way around) brought down Lehmans? or would have brought down Bear Sterns and AIG had the US taxpayer's not bailed them out? Or how it encouraged the recycling of CDOs all over the world in which invesmtment bankers and the rest was able to buy and sell some of the dodgiest loans on the planet?

    If you are claiming govt deficits (which are a big concen) caused the crisis, you need to answer those questions. Frankly, for me you are not even looking in the right direction.

  16. 16

    13/10/2012, Critic Al Rick wrote

    @ 14. Hi Roberto

    I see where you are coming from. Yes, the Debts are serious and yes National Debts have been/are being greatly exacerbated by bailing-out the profligate Banking Sector. And yes, the Banking Sector needs to radically alter its culture to prevent a repeat disaster.

    But the real crisis is caused by the Deficits, whilever you have Deficits the Debts are growing. The Deficits (Budget & Balance of Payments) are caused by a society as a whole living beyond its means.

    As Andy N @ 12. states the National Debt was relatively greater after WWII, but see my response @ 13.

    Do you still consider we are looking in the wrong direction? Or, is it you not looking at the bigger picture?

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